七年级上册---语法综合复习 & 练习

（冠词、名词、代词、一般现在时）

姓名：_________

一、冠词

冠词包括不定冠词（a/an）和定冠词（the），本身不能够单独使用，需要放在名词前。

不定冠词用来进行泛指，表示冠词后面的名词是指某一类特定事物中的一个，但具体是哪一个并不重要；定冠词用来特指，限定这个冠词后面的名词是某个特定的事物。

区分a/an：不定冠词a放在以辅音音素开头的单词前，不定冠词an放在以元音音素开头的单词前。

冠词属于限定词的一种，限定词用于名词前面，包括：

1、冠词                    一本书：____________        这本书：____________

2、指示代词                这本书：____________        那本书：____________

3、形容词性物主代词        我的书：____________        他的书：____________

4、名词所有格            迈克的书：____________        她妈妈的书：____________

5、数词                    一本书：____________

【练习】用a, an, the或/填空

There is _________ English book on the desk.

There is _________ new student in my class.

There is _________ “u” in the word “use”.

My brother is _________ engineer (/endʒɪ'nɪə/). He works hard.

_________ book on the desk is Louis Jackson’s.

There is _________ university (/juːnɪ'vɜːsɪtɪ/) called Cambridge in Britain.

There is _________ umbrella on the table. _________ umbrella is Tim’s.

I have _________ American car. _________ car is blue.

Lucas often plays football in _________ afternoon.

My sister plays _________ piano well, and my brother plays _________ football well.

二、名词单复数

名词是用来表示人物、动物、物品、地点以及抽象概念的词。

专有名词：人名、地名、国家城市、机构等，如：China, Chongqing (首字母大写)   

普通名词：可数名词 & 不可数名词

可数名词的复数形式：

1）一般情况下，在名词词尾加s，如：boy - boys；

2）以-x, -s, -ch, -sh结尾的名词，在词尾加es，如box - boxes；

3）以“辅音字母+y”结尾的名词，变y为i，再加es，如：study - studies（书房）；

4）以o结尾的名词，有生命的加es，无生命的加s，如hero - heroes; photo - photos。

不规则变化：man - _________; woman - _________; child - _________; foot - ______       

不可数名词：

液体类：水 _________；牛奶 _________；咖啡 _________；茶 _________

食物类：水果 _________；肉 _________；面包 _________；米饭 _________

抽象概念：爱 _________；和平 _________

对于不可数名词的数量修饰要用量词，如：

a piece of    paper/bread 一张纸/一块面包

a cup / bottle / glass of water 一杯水

【练习】词形填空 (需考虑加不加冠词)

-- What’s this?        -- It’s a ____________ (pen)

I have some good ____________ (friend). We often play basketball together.

There are many nice ____________ (watch) in the shop.

It’s interesting for me to read books in a ____________ (library).

I have a big ____________ (family). My ____________ (family) are all very nice.

Jill and Jackson have three teenage ____________ (child). They go to school on foot.

The ____________ (woman) next to her are Lucy’s and Lily’s mothers.

How many ____________ (boy) are there in your class?

There are six ____________ (man) in the living room.

There is some delicious ____________ (bread) on the table. I want to have some.

三、be动词

be动词的形式：

放在名词前，表示“是”。    如：It is my book. 这是我的书。

放在形容词前    如：I’m fine. 我很好。        She is beautiful. 她很漂亮。

以be动词为谓语动词的句子，其结构为“主系表”结构

单数：

肯定：他是一个中国老师。        He is a Chinese teacher.

否定：他不是一个中国老师。        He isn’t a Chinese teacher.

一般疑问：他是一个中国老师吗？    Is he a Chinese teacher?

肯定/否定回答：                    Yes, he is. / No, he isn’t.

复数：

肯定：他们是美国老师。            They are American teachers.

否定：他们不是美国老师。        They aren’t American teachers.

一般疑问：他们是美国老师吗？    Are they American teachers?

肯定/否定回答：                    Yes, they are. / No, they aren’t.

【练习】

1、用be动词的正确形式填空：

-- Who _________ you?                    -- I _________ John.

-- What _________ your father?            -- He _________ an engineer.

-- _________ your mother a teacher?        -- No, she _________.

-- _________ your teachers nice?        -- Yes, they _________.

This _________ my pen. I think it is Jerry’s.

_________ these his books? They _________ very interesting.

Our new house _________ in Hualong Road. It _________ a beautiful house.

Their new friends _________ from Britain. They come from America.

Jill _________ from Germany. She _________ a nice girl. I like her.

Tony and Jerry _________ good friends. Both of them _________ 13 years old.

四、实义动词

a. 一般现在时

定义：一般现在时表示现在的状态，经常性、习惯性的动作，或者主语所具备的性格或能力，如：   

I do my homework every afternoon. 我每天下午都会做作业。

I like bread for my breakfast. 我喜欢早餐吃面包。

实义动词的第三人称单数形式的构成：

一般情况下，在动词后面加s，如：work – works；

以-s, -x, -sh, -ch, -o结尾的动词，在词尾加es，如：watch - watches

以“辅音字母 + y”结尾的动词，变y为i，再加es，如：fly – flies

频率副词：

often 经常 – always 总是 – usually 通常 – sometimes 有时候 – seldom 很少 – hardly ever 几乎不 – never 从不            every day 每天

e.g.：He often watches TV after dinner. 他经常在晚饭后看电视。

b. 助动词do和does：

助动词do和does用来帮助实义动词构成否定句和疑问句，本身无特别意义。

助动词do（用于第一人称，第二人称和第三人称复数）

肯定：We like playing football.

否定：We don’t like playing football.

一般疑问：Do you like play football?

肯定/否定回答：Yes, we do. / No, we don’t.

对“playing football”提问：What do you like?

助动词does（用于第三人称单数，助动词does后加动词原形）

1、第三人称单数：

第三人称主格形式，如：he, she, it

单个人名，如：Tom

可数名词的单数形式，如：my father, the library

不可数名词，如：bread

2、句型转换：

肯定：Tom has milk for breakfast.

否定：Tom doesn’t have milk for breakfast.

一般疑问：Does Tom have milk for breakfast?

肯定/否定回答：Yes, he does. / No, he doesn’t.

对“milk”提问：What does Tom have for breakfast?

【练习】用所给词的正确形式填空：

We often _________ (go) to the museum on Friday.

Lucy _________ (go) to the library with her sister on the weekend.

_________ you often _________ (read) books in your school library?

_________ he often _________ (read) books in his school library?

I ____________ (not play) the piano, but I _________ (play) the guitar every night.

They ____________ (not like) tomatoes and eggs for their breakfast.

She _________ (not like) potatoes and chips for her lunch.

My brother always _________ (visit) the Science Museum on Sunday morning.

_________ your sister _________ (study) French at her school?

My uncle and aunt sometimes _________ (travel) around the world.

Our teacher _________ (live) in the school dormitory from Monday to Friday.

Her friend Jill _________ (come) from America and _________ (study) in China now.

Tim’s friends _________ (want) to go to the Central Park next weekend.

Bill ____________ (not watch) TV every day. He only _________ (watch) it on Sundays.

Jo and Mark _________ (love) China. They _________ (want) to visit China very much.

My little sister ____________ (not do) her homework before dinner.

--- _________ (do) your friend Jack come from the U.S.A.?    --- No, he _________ (do not).

Johnny is from Britain, but he _________ (speak) English very well.

五、人称代词的主格、宾格和形容词性物主代词

主格：陈述句中放在动词前面，用作主语

宾格：陈述句中放在动词后面，用作宾语

形容词性物主代词：后面必须加名词使用，相当于形容词，表示“某人的”

【练习】用人称代词和形容词性物主代词填空

1. _________ is interesting for me to read the book Harry Potter.

2. _________ is an American actor. I like _________ very much. _________ movies are interesting.

3. _________ am a new student here. Can you help _________with _________ study?

4. I have a cute pet (宠物). _________ name is Molly. I always play with _________ on weekends.

5. Mr. Smith is my head teacher. _________ teaches Chinese. I really like _________.

6. Tom and Jerry are my good friends. _________ come from America. _________ favorite sport is basketball. I play basketball with _________ every day.

7. --- Joseph, is this _________ coat? It is on my chair.        --- Yes, it is. Thank you very much.

8. Darren is my brother. _________ live in London together. _________ house is not very big.

9. _________ often takes Tom one hour to finish his Chinese homework. I think _________ should (应该) learn to use less (更少的) time to finish it.

10. Jill is my aunt. _________ travels around the world every year. I sometimes go with _________.

11. My classmate Bill studies very hard. I think _________ is really a good student.

12. We study in Chongqing Foreign Language School, and we like _________ school very much.

六、句型转换

I am a new student here. (变成否定句)I _________ _________ a new student here.

He is a tall and thin boy. (变成否定句)He _________ _________ a tall and thin boy.

We are from the same city. (变成否定句)We _________ _________ from the same city.

They like bread and eggs for their breakfast. (变成否定句)

They _________ _________ bread and eggs for their breakfast.

My classmate Andrew often plays basketball after class. (变成否定句)

My classmate Andrew _________ _________ play basketball after class.

There is an English book on the desk. (变成否定句)

There _________ _________ English book on the desk.

There are some armchairs in Mrs. Smith’s living room. (变成否定句)

There _________ _________ armchairs in Mrs. Smith’s living room.

I am from a great country called China. (变成一般疑问句)

_________ _________ from a great country called China?

She is from a small country called Korea. (变成一般疑问句)

_________ _________ from a small country called Korea.

Tom always listens to his teachers carefully in class. (变成一般疑问句)

_________ Tom always _________ to his teachers carefully in class?

My friends often go shopping together on the weekend. (变成一般疑问句)

_________ _________ friends often _________ shopping together on the weekend?

There is a British student in our class. (变成一般疑问句)

_________ _________ a British student in _________ class?

There are some famous museums in this city. (变成一般疑问句)

_________ _________ _________ famous museums in this city?

Are you from China? (做出回答)Yes, _________ _________.

Is your friend Jack from America? (做出回答)No, _________ _________.

Do they want to go bowling with us tomorrow? (做出回答)Yes, _________ _________.

Does Tom’s little sister play the piano in the afternoon? (做出回答)

No, _________ _________.

Is there a beautiful park near our school? (做出回答)Yes, _________ _________.

Are there fifty-four students in your class? (做出回答)No, _________ _________.

Mary is from a famous city called London. (同义句转换)

Mary _________ _________ a famous city called London.

William likes the movie Harry Potter and the Half-Blood Prince best. (同义句转换)

_________ _________ movie is Harry Potter and the Half-Blood Prince.

His father is a policeman. (对划线部分提问)_________ _________ his father?

His mother watches television every night. (对划线部分提问)

_________ _________ his mother _________ every night?

I read English before I go to sleep at night. (对划线部分提问)

_________ _________ _________ _________ before you go to sleep at night?

His best friend Jerry comes from France. (对划线部分提问)

_________ _________ his best friend Jerry _________ _________?

His best friend Jerry is from France. (对划线部分提问)

_________ _________ his best friend Jerry _________?

There are thirty-six classes in Grade 2024 in our school. (对划线部分提问)

_________ _________ classes _________ _________ in Grade 2024 in your school?

Jason’s uncle lives in London. (对划线部分提问)

_________ _________ Jason’s uncle _________?

The Jackson family want to buy their own house. (对划线部分提问)

_________ _________ the Jackson family want to _________?

Mrs. Jackson’s handbag is blue. (对划线部分提问)

_________ _________ is Mrs. Jackson’s handbag?

制作一个飞机模型要花费一个月的时间（翻译）。

_________ _________ one month to make a plane model.

直走到街角银行，然后左转。（翻译）

Go straight down to the bank on the corner, and _________ _________.

我姐姐每周都会和她的朋友们去购物。（翻译）

My sister _________ _________ with her friends every week.

剑桥大学是世界名校之一。（翻译）

Cambridge _________ _________ _________ the famous universities in the world.

我的家离学校不远。（翻译）

My home isn’t _________ _________ the school.

这是我父亲的电脑（翻译）

This is _________ _________ computer.

凯特住在伦敦的一间大房子里面。（翻译）

Kate _________ _________ a big house in London.

火车站就在左边。（翻译）

The railway station is _________ _________ _________.

参考答案：

一、冠词

1. a book / the book

2. this book / that book

3. my book / his book

4. Mike’s book / her mother’s book

5. one book

【练习】

an

a

a

an

The

a

an; The

an; The

the

the; /

二、名词单复数

不规则变化：men; women; children; feet

不可数名词：

液体类：water; milk; coffee; tea

食物类：fruit; meat; bread; rice

抽象概念：love; peace

【练习】

pen

friends

watches

library

family; family

children

woman

boys

men

bread

三、be动词

【练习】

are; am

is; is

Is; isn’t

Are; are

is

Are; are

is; is

are

is; is

are; are

四、实义动词

【练习】

go

goes

Do; read

Does; read

don’t; play

don’t like

doesn’t like

visits

Does; study

travel

lives

comes; studies

want

doesn’t watch; watches

love; want

doesn’t do

Does; doesn’t

speaks

五、人称代词的主格、宾格和形容词性物主代词

【练习】

It

He; him; His

I; me; my

Its; it

He; him

They; Their; them

your

We; Our

It; he

She; her

he

our

六、句型转换

am not

is not

are not

don’t like

doesn’t often

is not

aren’t any

Are you

Is she

Does listen

Do your; go

Is there; your

Are there any

I am

he isn’t

they do

she doesn’t

there is

there aren’t

comes from

William’s favourite

What is

What does; do

What do you read

Where does; come from

Where is; from

How many; are there

Where does; live

What do; buy

What colour

It takes

turn left

goes shopping

is one of

far from

my father’s

lives in

on the left